High Life

品 108 #15 2017 年 12 月 Also known as symphonic poem, tone poemas a termwas coined in 1828 and as a genrewas propagated byFranz Liszt. Its emergence was in no small part owing to Ludwig van Beethoven’s death in 1827, which raised the uneasy question “whether symphony has already reached its zenith, or whether it still has a future.” For Leipzig- based conservatives such as Clara Schumann and Johannes Brahms, the musical saint remains the unassailable pinnacle of music and triumph of humanity; for Weimar-based radicals 光大。交响诗的兴起，与路德维希• 范• 贝多芬不无关系。贝氏于1827年 逝世后，随即引起一系列的严峻问题， 如「交响乐是否已经达到无可超越的高 峰，抑或还有发展空间？」以克拉拉• 舒曼及约翰内斯• 勃拉姆斯等人为首的 莱比锡保守派，坚信乐圣所达之音乐巅 峰及人性荣光已无以复加；以弗朗茨• 李斯特及理查德• 瓦格纳等人为首的魏 玛激进派，则认为贝氏为音乐开拓了旷 古绝今的新时代。 就其本质而言，交响诗是类似于诗 歌、绘画或其他艺术形式，让听众在脑 海里产生意念、图像或场景的管弦乐作 品。交响诗属标题音乐类别，尽管往往 与其他文学作品有关，其音乐本身却大 多高度抽象。欣赏交响诗的艺术感受， 与鉴赏抽象绘画的艺术体验有异曲同工 之妙。《英雄生涯》是受到乐圣《降 E 大调第三交响曲「英雄」，第55号 作品》启发的英雄风格作品，动人的音 乐具有明显的故事性且栩栩如生，但除 了六个乐章惜字如金的标题如英雄、对 手、伴侣、战斗、和平和荣休外，却没 有叙述任何具体情节。 《英雄生涯》耐人寻味之处，在于 听众可从多个角度理解其底蕴。其一 是将作品视为理查德• 施特劳斯的自 传，自己即英雄，女高音妻子保利娜• 德• 安娜为伴侣，而批评者们则是对 手。此乃主流看法，作曲家在世时亦没 有反驳。另一种看法则不韪时代错误， 将各乐章视为理查德• 施特劳斯反对纳 such as Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner, Ludwig van Beethoven has ushered in a new musical era, wherein the sky is the limit. A tone poem is essentially an orchestral piece of music resembling a poem, painting or other forms of art, which invites the audience to envisage ideas, images or scenes. Although often related to other literary texts, tone poems are instrumental program music and can be highly abstract, the aesthetic experience of which is uncannily similar to reading an abstract painting. In the case of Ein Heldenleben , a heroic piece inspired by Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major, Op. 55 , the music is beguilingly illustrative and vivid, yet no plot is narrated apart from the terse titles given to each of the six movements, namely the hero, his adversaries, companion, battle, peace and fulfilment. One way of approaching the piece is to see it as Strauss’s autobiography, whereby he is the hero, his soprano wife Pauline de Ahna the companion