High Life

108 品 重复出现的旋律，有助于听众理解歌剧情节。最为人所熟悉的主导动机，应是在 《女武神》第三幕出现的《女武神的骑行》一曲；经删节的《女武神的骑行》， 亦在《尼伯龙根的指环》各部歌剧中多次出现。此次演出如果不是以录音为重 点，惯常的场面调度——就算是比第二次世界大战后「新拜罗伊特」风格更简约 的场面调度——将大大提高观众欣赏演出时的趣味。毕竟，瓦格纳在设计拜罗伊 特节日剧院时，特意将乐池隐藏在观众看不见的地方，就是要他们将注意力集中 在台上。台上的戏剧、诗歌、音乐和视觉元素交织的成果，正是他所说的「总体 艺术品」（德语：Gesamtkunstwerk）。 The sheer length of Götterdämmerung is not as overwhelming as its music, in part owing to Wagner’s signature innovation of the Leitmotiv, the recurrent theme dedicated to a given subject onstage, which informs the audience of the context. The best-known example may be Ritt der Walküren in Act III of Die Walküre, whereas abridged versions of which are used throughout the Ring Cycle . If the focus was not so much on recording, customary mise-en-scène, even if simpler than the post-WWII “New Bayreuth” style, would make the performance more enjoyable and intelligible. After all, Wagner deliberately had Bayreuth Festspielhaus’s orchestra pit designed to be invisible to the audience, so that they would concentrate on the stage, where dramatic, poetic, musical and visual elements merge into what he called a Gesamtkunstwerk, literally a “total work of art”.